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Abstract

Since c. 3.1 Ga, pegmatite mineral deposits in orogenic areas have been formed throughout geological time in pulses, alternating with total absence of generating activity. The higher activity peaks of 2.65–2.60, 1.90–1.85, 1.00–0.95, and 0.30–0.25 Ga suggest a quasi-regular periodicity of 0.8±0.1 Ga. This series is dominated by pegmatites of Laurasian blocks. The lower peaks at 2.85–2.80, 2.10–2.05, 1.20–1.15, and the higher one at 0.55–0.50 make up another series represented by pegmatites in Gondwanan blocks only. Each pegmatite class is characterized by a life cycle of its own, from inception to peak through to decline and eventual extinction. The longest cycle is recorded for the rare-metal class deposits, which first appeared in the Mesoarchaean and persisted through all the later eras, deteriorating gradually after the Early Precambrian. Muscovite pegmatites first appeared in the Palaeoproterozoic and reached the end of their life cycle at the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic boundary. The miarolitic class of pegmatite deposits in orogenic setting first came into being in the terminal Mesoproterozoic and dominated the pegmatite metallogeny of many Phanerozoic belts. The evolution of the pegmatite classes was controlled by the general cooling of the Earth and by associated changes in the tectonics of the lithosphere.

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Geochronological data used is available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18435.

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cover image Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Volume 3502011
Pages: 7 - 23

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Published: 2011

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A. V. Tkachev
Vernadsky State Geological Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (e-mail: [email protected])

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Citing Literature

  • Genesis of the Ke’eryin Two-Mica Monzogranite in the Ke’eryin Pegmatite-Type Lithium Ore Field, Songpan–Garze Orogenic Belt: Evidence from Lithium Isotopes, Minerals, 10.3390/min14070687, 14, 7, (687), (2024).
  • Lithium deposits from the mesoarchean to present: their types, distribution in geological time, explored resource base, Geologiâ rudnyh mestoroždenij, 10.31857/S0016777024060037, 66, 6, (617-647), (2024).
  • A review of lithogeochemical dispersion haloes of LCT pegmatites, and their application to rare metal exploration, with special reference to lithium in an Australian context, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 10.1080/08120099.2024.2379834, 71, 8, (1050-1084), (2024).
  • Post-orogenic magmatic-hydrothermal system in the southern Songpan-Ganze Orogen, eastern Tibetan Plateau, International Geology Review, 10.1080/00206814.2024.2376323, 67, 2, (149-165), (2024).
  • Geochronology of cassiterite in the Nassarawa-Keffi rare metal pegmatite belt, Nigeria: Tectonic linkages to the Gondwana-forming orogeny, Ore Geology Reviews, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106339, 175, (106339), (2024).
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